If you’re experiencing low back pain, you may have come across the term “intervertebral disc herniation.” It can sound daunting, but understanding what it is, its causes, and symptoms can empower you on your path to recovery. Your spine is made up of bones called vertebrae, which are cushioned by intervertebral discs (IVDs). These discs act as shock absorbers, protecting your spine during movement. Each disc has a soft, jelly-like inner core (nucleus pulposus) surrounded by a tough outer layer (annulus fibrosus). When a disc bulges, it pushes outward while the outer layer stays intact. In contrast, a herniated disc occurs when part of the disc pushes through a weakened area in the outer layer. This is sometimes referred to as a disc protrusion, or if the jelly-like inner substance escapes, a disc extrusion.
Intervertebral disc herniations can occur for several reasons, including age, injury, repetitive strain, or genetics. Discs naturally degenerate over time, and sudden movements or lifting heavy objects can lead to herniation. Repeated stress on the spine from certain activities can contribute as well. Interestingly, many people have disc bulges or herniations without even knowing it. Research indicates in individuals aged 20-40 years old without any symptoms, around 30% have disc protrusions, while 40% of 30-year-olds and 60% of 50-year-olds show disc bulges. By age 70, this figure rises to 77%.
If a disc herniates and irritates nearby nerve roots, you might experience symptoms such as lower back pain, radiating pain down your arms or legs, numbness or tingling, and weakness in certain muscles. These symptoms can vary depending on where the herniated disc is located in your spine. The good news is that your spine is remarkably resilient! Many herniated discs can heal over time, especially with proper care. Conservative treatment methods, such as physical therapy, can be very effective.
A physical therapist can make a significant difference in your recovery. They will evaluate your condition and provide a personalized treatment plan that includes pain management techniques to alleviate discomfort, and exercise programs to strengthen the muscles supporting your spine and improve flexibility to reduce pressure on the affected disc. The goal is to help you recover, reduce the risk of re-injury, and improve your overall spinal health.
If you’re dealing with low back pain or think you might have a herniated disc, don’t hesitate to seek help. Schedule an appointment with our physical therapy team today, and start your path to recovery. If you found this article helpful, please share it with others who might benefit!
References
Brinjikji W.m et al. Systematic Literature Review of Imaging Features of Spinal Degeneration in Asymptomatic Population. American Journal of Neuroradiology. 2015;36(4):811-816.